How and why does Iago convince Othello of Desdmona’s infidelity?

Shakespeare is often referred to as the greatest playwright that ever lived. His comedies have made many laugh, his tragedies many have cried over and romances that have touched millions. Shakespeare's writing although hundreds of years old are always relevant to our lives because that is what they are about, life. Shakespeare deals with all aspects of human nature and flaws. He greatly exaggerates a particular flaw in each of his tragic heroes. This flaw brings about their downfall. In the course of one conversation Iago convinces a man who loves his wife completely that she is in fact having an affair with one of his most trusted subjects without using one shred of proof or any real basis. This is a man who can make the most innocent of people guilty and the most loved, hated. He uses many tactics to persuade Othello that Desdemona is cheating on him with Cassio, the reason, is revenge. Iago is a very cunning and manipulative man. He is also often irrational and erratic. He will go to any means to get what he wants and in this case he doesn't mind ruining three people in the process. At the beginning of the play we hear of Iago's rage at the fact that Cassio was made lieutenant instead of him. Iago feels that he was the better candidate and deserves the position. Iago isn't hard pushed to find a way of getting revenge. Othello often says that without Desdemona he would be in chaos, â€Å"But I do love thee; and when I love thee not, chaos is come again. † Iago uses this, because he wants to create chaos, which is one of the major themes of the play. Other major themes include relationships, jealousy, love and deceit. Luck provides him with the opportunity to stage an affair between Cassio and Desdemona, driving Othello to insanity and resulting in the death of Desdemona and Othello. Iago becomes very jealous of Othello because of his position in the Venetian Army. He is also sexually attracted to Desdemona but that is not a real reason for hating Othello, his mind concocts stories which he believes are true and thus making himself think acceptable to take revenge on Othello by sleeping with his wife. Iago believes that Othello has slept with his wife Emilia, â€Å"leapt into his seat†, he wants revenge for this too, â€Å"not out of absolute lust†. He wants to sleep with Desdemona for revenge not just for pleasure. He appears to be sexually frustrated as he also presumes that Cassio has also slept with Emilia, â€Å"I fear Cassio with me nightcap too†. Throughout the play he often refers to sex as lustful and nothing to do with love. This is emphasised in his disbelief that Othello and Desdemona's relationship is based on love. Through this we have to consider the reasons why he feels this way. Can he not love someone? He finds it easy enough to kill his own wife at the end of the play, yet is constantly reaffirming his â€Å"love† for Othello. We know he uses this as a tactic for Othello to gain faith in Iago, but could there be more? This plot is an obsession for Iago, his jealousy rules him. Could this mission be his only love? To understand how Iago convinces Othello that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio we must look at the events beforehand which Iago directs to his own advantage. It starts when Cassio and Desdemona greet each other; Iago forms the plan that Cassio will be target. Cassio and Desdemona are friendly to each other and Iago can see how this could appear to be more than just friendship. Didst thou not see her paddle with the palm of his hand? † In Elizabethan times this was deemed as highly intimate and personal, this would have been an activity that only a couple would engage in. By claiming that Cassio was stroking Desdemona's hand, he is suggesting that they are a couple or intimate with each other. Iago sees the opportunity and uses his knowledge of Cassio to get him into a fight with Roderigo. Iago knows that this will outrage Othello and Cassio will want to redeem himself. Iago has planted the circumstances for Cassio to plead with Desdemona so that she will speak to Othello on Cassio's behalf. Iago knows that Desdemona will take up Cassio's plight for she is a good person. â€Å"I will beseech the virtuous Desdemona to undertake for me†. Desdemona doesn't realise that Iago is abusing her goodwill so that it will bring about her own downfall. Othello doesn't see it as strange that Desdemona is supporting Cassio for he knows what type of person she is. It is Iago that uses this as a basis for an affair between Cassio and Desdemona. Iago fools many of the main characters. He only gets away with this because they trust him and this protects him from any questioning. His cunning means that the events can occur, building the play. He uses this to his own benefit, talking Cassio into pleading with Desdemona and inducing Othello to believe that Desdemona is having an affair. Throughout the play Iago is described as an â€Å"honest† man, which to the audience seems ironic because really everything the man says they know to be a lie. Desdemona describes as, â€Å"o that's an honest fellow†, Othello thinks â€Å"This fellow's of exceeding honest,† and Cassio too sees him as honest, â€Å"†¦ honest Iago. † It surprises the audience that the characters are so blind to Iago's faults but then we must understand that he has never done anything that could make them doubt him. He is an idyllic picture, a man who is loyal and trustworthy, they could never imagine that he is capable of deceit. Iago's effectiveness at noticing innocent situations and making them look suspect is another way in which he gets Othello to believe in Desdemona's unfaithfulness. When Othello first enters the room at the start of Act III Scene III, Cassio hurriedly leaves the room after speaking with Desdemona. Cassio does this completely innocently, he leaves because he doesn't want to annoy Othello any more than he has already, he feels disgraced and is ashamed, and he cannot face Othello. Iago successfully twists this situation- â€Å"That he would steal away so guilty like- seeing you coming. † Iago explains Cassio's guilt as that he has been sleeping with Desdemona. Of course the reader knows that is not true, but to Othello, the way that he hurries away, once pointed out to him by Iago, does look very suspicious. This is even more enhanced in Othello's mind when immediately afterwards Desdemona starts defending Cassio and pesters Othello to re-instate him. This combined with Iago's perverting of the situation looks very abnormal to Othello. Iago convinces Othello that Desdemona is sleeping with Cassio by very through very calculated steps. In each instance he builds on Othello's insecurities and his trust in him. He is successful in commanding the lack of evidence to his own advantage. Othello trusts Iago as he sees him as a loyal subject. Iago starts by questioning Cassio and Othello's relationship. He does this by asking suggestive questions, â€Å"Did Michael Cassio, when you wooed my lady know of your love? † By doing this he is making Othello consider their past and what effect it could have on the present. When Othello questions him further he refuses to answer a question directly. â€Å"Honest my lord? † By doing this it is as if he is trying to protect Othello, by keeping something from him. This will make Othello want to know the truth even more as it is human nature to be curious; after all we all want to know details especially if you know that really you shouldn't hear it. For Othello to believe in what Iago is about to tell him Othello must trust him. Iago needs to know that his news will not be instantly dismissed, he does this by the affirmation of his love. † My lord you know I love you†. This is his basis, if you genuinely trust someone you believe in what they tell you. Othello and Iago had fought together in wars and it is most likely that they had often held each other's lives in their hands. So Othello would never believe that Iago would turn against him so suddenly, especially as for the large majority of the play, Iago looks to be nothing more than a completely loyal servant to Othello. He refuses to tell Othello what he's thinking. â€Å"Utter my thoughts? Why say they are vile and false? † He doesn't want to say anything bad or untrue, after all he is Othello's loyal servant and would not want to hurt him. He also doesn't want to leave himself out for blame by playing this way he can say that Othello pressurised the information out of him even when he wasn't sure it was true. Iago is good at planting ideas. † O beware my lord of jealousy†. Iago suggests what Othello should be thinking and feeling. Even if Othello wasn't previously jealous because maybe he didn't believe fully, now Iago has told him exactly what he should be feeling. By warning Othello has in fact put it in his utmost mind. Iago plays on the fact that Othello is not of Venetian society. He explains that there are differences in social attitudes. † In Venice they do not let God see the pranks they have not shown their husbands†. Othello cannot question this as he is from a different background and already feels compromised. Although when in Venice, he appears to be a strong-minded character, proves to have low self-esteem, this low opinion of himself may stem from being racially self-conscious. But some may argue that race would not have been an issue, it is more to do with the fact that he comes from a different society, an outsider who knows little of how their expectations. Although no mention is ever made of it, Othello views himself as different, which he is, from the rest of Venetian society. In was shock to everyone and probably even Othello that one of the most eligible women in Venice has fallen in love with him. So when Iago starts telling Othello of a relationship between Cassio and his wife, the rumours about Desdemona and the fact that she had refused men of higher status than Othello, â€Å"Not to affect many proposed matches of her own clime, complexion and degree†¦ † he believes it may be true. Also he reminds Othello of what her father said when he first found out about Desdemona planning to marry Othello without his consent- â€Å"Look to her Moor, if thou hast eyes to see: She has deceived her father and may thee†. To which Othello replies â€Å"My life upon her faith†. Much of Othello deals with pride and reputation, for Othello now to hear about Desdemona's unfaithfulness, after he replied so convincingly that he trusts her completely, would certainly start to worry him. After all, if what Iago had been telling Othello was true, then Othello had been made to look a complete fool by Desdemona in a very short period of time. Iago often uses very crude language and often refers to animal imagery. He belittles Othello and Desdemona's relationship, regarding it in its most instinctive form, a sexual relationship, â€Å"†¦ you'll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse;† Othello however approaches it as serious and loving relationship, â€Å"†¦ Nor to comply with heat the young affects in me defunct and proper satisfaction; But to be free and bounteous to her mind. † That is why the audience is particularly amazed that Othello resorts to animalistic images too. Othello refers to Desdemona as â€Å"haggard†, a hawk that cannot be tamed. He also refers to himself as a â€Å"toad†; this is a far cry from the man who stood in front of the Duke and other important men of Venice declaring his love. Shakespeare uses this technique to show us that Othello has lost his confidence and is no longer self-assured. As he becomes more and more angry his control through his speech begins to slip, no longer does he speak in long flowing sentences but now in exclamations, which hints at his loss of capability to loose his temper. He is also speaking in a similar way to Iago, This may symbolise that he has come to think in the same manner. These images show us the depth of Othello's jealousy, the woman he loved he now disparage. When Othello begins to fall into the trap that Iago has set out, there is only one thing that would convince him completely. The principal method that Iago uses to convince Othello of Desdemona's infidelity is by using one of Othello's most treasured possessions and telling Othello that his wife, Desdemona has given it away to her lover, Cassio. The handkerchief was the first gift he gave to Desdemona, so it possesses enormous sentimental value to Othello. Finding out that Desdemona has given it away shows her as inimical. It must have hurt and angered him, after all the woman he loves and is married to has given away without a care for him, would almost certainly anger him, for in Othello's mind she has thought the handkerchief to be a meaningless piece of cloth. Iago tells Othello that he saw Cassio wiping his mouth with it, much like a rag. † I know not that; but such a handkerchief- I am sure it was your wife's- did I today. See Cassio wipe his beard with†. This enough proof for Othello to be convinced that Iago is telling the truth and for him to kill both Desdemona and Cassio. Within these three says let me hear thee say that Cassio's not alive. † And, â€Å"I will withdraw to furnish me with some swift means of death for the fair devil. † The fair devil refers to Desdemona. This oxymoron suggests that Othello still sees her as divine and yet he has lost his faith in her. Of course, the main way Iago fools Othello is by pure luck. That luck being that a lot of the things that Cassio and Desdemona say and do fall right into the trap and further convince Othello of a relationship between the two of them. When he first sees them together and Cassio scurries away, Iago jumps on the opportunity. Another example of this is found further on in the play when by controlling the circumstances Iago gets Cassio to talk disparagingly about Bianca, while Othello thinks the conversation is about Desdemona. The luck of this situation is gargantuan; one mention of the name Bianca and Othello would realise that Cassio was really speaking about her, fortuitously for Iago, Cassio does not mention Bianca's name once in the entire conversation. Shakespeare often presents the true feelings of the characters through soliloquies. Through Iago's soliloquy we see that Iago is an opportunist and amoral. The Moor already changes with my poison†¦ † This line shows that Iago's plan is having the desired effect. Other characters in Shakespeare's plays have shown conscience to the fact that they are doing wrong, and have felt some remorse, we can see this in Macbeth's soliloquy, â€Å"First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, strong both against the deed; then, as his host, who should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the knife myself. † But Iago shows no wavering, he is convinced that this is the right thing to do, â€Å"Burn like the mines of sulphur,† he wants Othello to fall from grace as revenge for instating Cassio over him. It is most disconcerting to think that Iago almost takes pleasure from Othello's torment, â€Å"Nor all the drowsy syrup of the world, shall medicine thee to that sweet sleep which thou ow'dst yesterday. † Othello is the typical â€Å"tragic hero† that Shakespeare incorporated in many of his works, a man who sets out to do his very best, but through one flaw he is bought down. This has an enormous effect on the audience. The audience know that he is a good man, but circumstances are working against him, leaving the audience frustrated at his own idiocy for not realising and making the amendments. Often as the audience we feel like screaming at him for being so blind to the facts, we are drained of our emotions. Shakespeare intended this; he used the ancient Greek method of Catharsis. Shakespeare had to make the main character likeable enough for the audience to warm to him and suffer his pain, but still make sure that in the end his tragic flaw shone through. Othello's main flaw is his jealousy. Othello's other flaws are pride and gullibility. Iago however can not be blamed for everything; he did not murder Desdemona nor kill Othello. The characters must have a motive of their own and therefore is there not a basis for Othello to be pushed into murdering his wife? Many would say that by removing Iago the couple would live happily ever after, but mustn't there be a reason for why Othello was pushed so readily into murder. Othello acts like a confident man when in Venice, he has the support of his wife and men like Cassio. Remove the safety of that support and you would find a man alone in a foreign country which has different values and expectations, maybe in reality Othello knew that he could not belong in Venetian society and not with Desdemona. Our view of Othello progresses as the play develops. The first mention of Othello is by Iago; he presents him to the audience as someone with poor judgement as he has promoted the wrong person and through repellent sexual images, as someone grotesque. Yet others, like the Duke see Othello as â€Å"†¦ valiant†¦ † From the beginning Othello is authoritative and confident, but without the knowledge that Desdemona is faithful to him, he collapses. Othello's lack of judgement is shown when he lets suspicion of Desdemona having an affair with Cassio take over his mind, stopping all rational thought. He asks the opinion of Emilia (Desdemona's handmaid and Iago's wife) â€Å"You have seen nothing then? † Even though she replied â€Å"Nor ever heard, nor ever did suspect† he does not believe her because his poisoned mind can't accept it. This is an issue that reigned in the Elizabethan times, people of his social status could not loose their power, it disrupted the hierarchy and made those below them feel uneasy. Society was very structured and those at the top would have a ripple effect on everyone below. We also notice in Shakespeare's plays that the tragic hero is always a man of position, Kings, noble men or army officials. This is so that they have a position to fall from, there would be no point in having an ordinary man in a story like this, the tragic hero is meant to be almost perfect, but not quite. This can be linked to the tragic hero King Lear; he is far too trusting and divides his country between his two treacherous daughters, which inevitably leads to his death. Through King Lear Shakespeare looks at madness and through the character of Othello he shows us how the people we surround ourselves with can create this. In the play, â€Å"King Lear†, King Lear has to deal with betrayal by his daughters in a similar way to which Othello is betrayed by his trusted friend, Iago and he believes his wife too. Like Othello Lear looks for justice instead of the revenge that Iago seeks. â€Å"It shall be done; I will arraign them straight. Come, sit thou here most learned justicer. â€Å"(King Lear, Act 3 scene 6) it indicates that a desire of order and justice is starting to replace the chaos and thoughts of savage revenge in Lear's mind; it marks the start of his journey away from insanity. This insanity is similar to what Iago creates in Othello, he creates jealousy and through that chaos. All of the main themes are present in Act III Scene III. The fight of good against evil is represented in Othello's struggle with Iago. The theme of chaos verses order is shown through Othello's gradual recede in anguish. Othello's overpowering jealousy blinding him from the truth and Iago's revenge which bring about the chaos and evil. Despite wanting to kill his wife Othello's love for her still remains. In his soliloquy before killing Desdemona he states his love for her, however Othello thinks murder is the only punishment worthy of betrayal â€Å"yet she must die, else she'll betray more men†. Othello's jealousy is now at peak level, he still can't show rational thought and is blind about the true horror he is about to do. Even when he speaks to her and she denies ever giving Cassio the handkerchief he doesn't believe her, â€Å"Yes, presently; therefore confess thee freely of thy sin; for to deny each article with oath cannot remove nor choke the strong conception that I do groan withal. Thou art to die. † It is ironic that Othello believes every lie that Iago fed him and yet cannot believe a single truth that the woman he loves tells him. â€Å"I never did offend you in my life; never lov'd Cassio but with such general warranty of heaven as I might love; I never gave him token. † After killing his bride he is brought out of his trance and realises the mistakes he has made. Iago's scheme is brought out into the open. Emilia brings out the scheme when the truth is told about the true goings on. At this point in the play Othello's heroic qualities are put on show for the audience once more. â€Å"Speak of me as I am; nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice: then, must you speak of one that lov'd not wisely but too well; of one not easily jealous, but, being wrought, perplex'd in the extreme. † Having realised the horror of the situation he takes full blame for his actions and commits suicide and lies next to his beloved bride to die. Iago is a man who is out for his own gain, and there are many people in our society who are like him. He is a character who knows how to direct circumstances to his own purpose, unfortunately the other character do not see this and are spun into his web of lies. By luck and tactics like planting ideas and evidence he is able to persuade Othello into thinking that Desdemona is having an affair and get his revenge. Through this catharsis we realise that in Iago Shakespeare has created that ultimate embodiment of evil and malice.

The Nuiances of Juvenile Justice Essay Topics

The Nuiances of Juvenile Justice Essay Topics Juvenile Justice Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About The moral background is likewise very influential. The criminal justice papers or the criminal justice term paper which you've ordered online is guaranteed to fulfill the deadline. After you have structured one out, make sure your paper flows from the very first page to the last. A superb research paper starts with the variety of a topic. Now, if you're interested in the writing of research on the subject, do not neglect to ask our law professionals for help to receive your draft paper polished and checked (or if you've got zero paper yet)! Every year the sum of students who hire best thesis writers online increases since they have no where else to turn when they're trying hard to finish their term papers. Sooner or later, nearly every college student should compose a research paper. Every student who enters the course associated with the Legal studies is supposed not just to cover a tremendous number of weekly reading but in addition regular writing assignments that lots of students find both complex and exhausting. The 5-Minute Rule for Juvenile Justice Essay Topics Still its a small hard to believe that cruel politics could possibly be providing my job security. While each particular job in criminal justice differs, it's safe to say that every one offers its own set of special rewards and advantages. To find more information on our criminal justice essay topics, click live chat to address a customer care representative. Writing an essay on juvenile justice isn't a bit of cake. Submission of a plagiarized essay will lead to disqualification. Research papers share similarities with essays, and a few can choose the type of an essay. No matter if you're composing an argumentative essay or a research paper on juvenile justice, you'll discover yourself bogged down when seeking to discover an appropriate topic. Let's look at several essay topic ideas linked to the study of criminal justice. Just like the prior essay, there are two opinions, and you need to go over each one and your opinion also has to be given. When writing a criminal justice essay and you haven't been given the topic, there are lots of information on the internet that you may use to acquire great unlawful justice research paper topics. To be able to compose a juvenile justice paper, you must locate a great topic you can research properly and express your thoughts successfully in. Life After Juvenile Justice Essay Topics Juveniles deserve another chance. Officers also alleged he was part of a gang and sent him to devote the remainder of his life in a really strict prison. Children are inclined to be involved with delinquent and criminal behavior if they're victims of sexual abuse. At the close of the day, the Juvenile System is here in order to safeguard the offender together with the society as a whole. Criminolo gy is a kind of sociology. Engaging Your Brain Criminal justice professionals have to be able to consider fast on their feet and be inclined to fulfill a wide array of challenges. Law enforcement officers have research at their fingertips since they can access the several different systems and databases any time they will need to. Criminal Justice and Technology Discussion A superior illustration of technology in the area of criminal justice. There are millions of young people who are in the US only who are considering studying Law. Juvenile justice has ever been a controversial question because some individuals consider that children ought to be tried for crimes the identical way the adults are since the harm is generally the exact same and, at times, the consequences are even more dramatic. Once you receive the support of professional writers, you might relax. The more social media platforms a youthful person uses, the more likely they should be targeted for internet bully ing. Generally the juvenile is returned to their house to wait around for the courts action unless the court feels that the kid isn't going to come back to the court or the juvenile is a danger to society. As the offender still stays in the community, it challenges the customary system of imprisonment. The juvenile justice system has been in existence for several hundred decades. In a nutshell, a perfect unlawful justice system must work to stop crime from happening in the first location, to fulfill the wider needs of victims, and to assist turn offenders away from crime. Anger can cause justice. You may be requested to analyze public policy and its effect on criminal justice. The justice process isn't doing its job if it isn't getting justice for the victim's family. But What About Juvenile Justice Essay Topics? Inside my opinion, it's important to examine alternative strategies. Whichever role you select, there are a lot of skills any employer will start looking for in someone with a criminal justice degree. Due process wasn't provided, and lots of constitutional challenges arose. As an issue of fact, in today's world, criminal profiling happens to be an extremely critical step in investigative science hence being the third phase of the entire approach.

Order of States in Ratification of the US Constitution

Roughly a decade after the United States declared independence, the United States Constitution was created to replace the failing Articles of Confederation. At the end of the American Revolution, the founders had created the Articles of Confederation, which set forth a governmental structure that would allow states to keep their individual powers while still benefiting from being part of a larger entity. The Articles had gone into effect on March 1, 1781. However, by 1787, it became clear that this structure of government was not viable in the long term. This had especially been apparent during the 1786 Shays Rebellion in western Massachusetts. The rebellion protested rising debt and economic chaos. When the national government tried to get states to send a military force to help stop the uprising, many states were reluctant and chose not to get involved. Need for a New Constitution In this period, many states realized the need to come together and form a stronger national government. Some states met to try and deal with their individual trade and economic issues. However, they soon realized that individual agreements would not be enough for the scale of problems that were arising. On May 25, 1787, all the states sent delegates to Philadelphia to try and change the Articles to deal with the conflicts and problematic issues that had arisen. The Articles had a number of weaknesses, including that each state only had one vote in Congress, and the national government had no power to tax and no ability to regulate foreign or interstate trade. In addition, there was no executive branch to enforce nationwide laws. Amendments required a unanimous vote, and individual laws required a nine-vote majority to pass. The delegates, who met in what was later called the Constitutional Convention, soon realized that changing the Articles would not be enough to fix the issues facing the new United States. Consequently, they began the work of replacing the Articles with a new Constitution.   Constitutional Convention James Madison, often called the Father of the Constitution, set to work. The framers sought to create a document that would be flexible enough to ensure that states retained their rights, but that would also create a national government strong enough to keep order among the states and meet threats from within and without. The 55 framers of the Constitution met in secret to debate the individual parts of the new Constitution. Many compromises occurred over the course of the debate, including the Great Compromise, which tackled the thorny question of the relative representation of more and less populous states. The final document was then sent to the states for ratification. In order for the Constitution to become law, at least nine states would have to ratify it. Opposition to Ratification Ratification did not come easily nor without opposition. Led by Patrick Henry of Virginia, a group of influential colonial Patriots known as the Anti-Federalists publicly opposed the new Constitution in town hall meetings, newspapers, and pamphlets. Some argued that the delegates at the Constitutional Convention had overstepped their congressional authority by proposing to replace the Articles of Confederation with an â€Å"illegal† document—the Constitution. Others complained that the delegates in Philadelphia, being mostly wealthy and â€Å"well-born† landowners, had proposed a Constitution and federal government that would serve their special interests and needs. Another often-expressed objection was that the Constitution reserved too many powers to the central government at the expense of â€Å"state’s rights.† Perhaps the most impactful objection to the Constitution was that the Convention had failed to include a Bill of Rights clearly enumerating the rights that would protect the American people from potentially excessive applications of government powers. Using the pen name Cato, New York’s Governor George Clinton supported the Anti-Federalist views in several newspaper essays. Patrick Henry and James Monroe led the opposition to the Constitution in Virginia. The Federalist Papers Favoring ratification, the Federalists responded, arguing that rejection of the Constitution would lead to anarchy and social disorder. Using the pen name Publius, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay countered Clinton’s Anti-Federalist Papers. Beginning in October 1787, the trio published 85 essays for New York newspapers. Collectively titled The Federalist Papers, the essays explained the Constitution in detail, along with the framers’ reasoning in creating each section of the document. To the lack of a Bill of Rights, the Federalists argued that such a list of rights would always be incomplete and that the Constitution as written adequately protected the people from the government. Finally, during the ratification debate in Virginia, James Madison promised that the first act of the new government under the Constitution would be the adoption of a Bill of Rights. Order of Ratification The Delaware legislature became the first to ratify the Constitution by a vote of 30-0 on December 7, 1787. The ninth state, New Hampshire, ratified it on June 21, 1788, and the new Constitution went into effect on March 4, 1789.   Here is the order in which the states ratified the U.S. Constitution. Delaware - December 7, 1787Pennsylvania - December 12, 1787New Jersey - December 18, 1787Georgia - January 2, 1788Connecticut - January 9, 1788Massachusetts - February 6, 1788Maryland - April 28, 1788South Carolina - May 23, 1788New Hampshire - June 21, 1788Virginia - June 25, 1788New York - July 26, 1788North Carolina - November 21, 1789Rhode Island - May 29, 1790 Updated by Robert Longley

Preliminary Security Assessment - 1466 Words

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These guidelines reflect lessons learned in responding to incidents in the past Contingency Plan – Closely related to the IRP. Based on the type of incident, a plan may be devised to provide a direction to proceed. Natural disasters are usually presented in a contingency plan. Backup Procedures – Also related to the IRP. Providing a point at which all files can be recovered prevents data loss should some type of incident occur, no matter if that is a virus or a power outage. Configuration Management Plan – A CMP is designed to provide guidance and to establish a standard when changing the configuration of any item on the network. This includes adding hardware, adding software, changing configurations of network devices or changing the capability of the system in any way. All changes must be approved by the Configuration Control Board as established in the CMP. Anti-Virus – This plan will ensure all virus definitions are up to date and provide procedures for doing this. 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Team members selections should be considered from a group of employees who have expressed an interest in better understanding homeland security and using the Baldrige Criteria as a template for improving their organization’s homeland securityRead MoreMy Results And Observations From The Four Career Profile981 Words   |  4 Pagesthe first career profile activity, Interest, I will be talking about my results from my three letter code(RIASEC) and my SDS(Self-Directed Search) assessment. For the second career profile activity, Personalities, I will be tal king about my results from my preliminary MBTI mini(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) code, my â€Å"functional pair† in my preliminary MBTI, and information about the characteristics of my MBTI. 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Read MoreEssay on System Development Life Cycle1231 Words   |  5 PagesAnderson CMGT/582 - CIS Security and Ethics June 23, 2014 Krystal Hall System Development Life Cycle â€Å"Both risk governance and regulatory requirements emphasize the need for an effective risk management plan. And to effectively manage risk, it is important that definitions of the risk management plan objectives are clear from the start, so that the plan can head in the right direction. Risk management of information assets also provides a strong basis for information security activities, such as

Victorian Era Consciousness Free Essays

How would you describe the consciousness of the Victorian Age? Think about their perception of their place in the world. The consciousness of society in the Victorian age is an interesting factor that greatly changed and evolved during the time period. The era’s beginning and end is marked by the birth and death of the reigning monarch of the time, Queen Victoria, spanning from 1837 to the early 1900s. We will write a custom essay sample on Victorian Era Consciousness or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the effects of the Industrial Revolution distinctly felt by all classes within society, it was a time of significant social reformation and drastic change in all aspects of life, and in short was a diverse and complex though tremendously exciting period for those who were living in it. As a result of such rapid growth, expansion and change, it is only natural that there was widespread excitement and perhaps apprehension at the same time. A new world was being created away from the manual driven labour of the old, and one of steam power and coal was emerging, of urbanisation and industrialisation. This constantly transforming and thriving world to the people at the time must’ve been overwhelming and thrilling, as they gained a realisation that all aspects of their lives were becoming influenced in some way or other by the increasingly advanced technologies and innovation. As a result, there was a great influx of population from the countryside to the city, with the realisation that there was a quickly approaching transition away from an agricultural-based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. However there must’ve been a great deal of anxiety and people may well have been wary towards the great changes that were happening around them. There would’ve been a growing new consciousness as society had to perceive the world in a different way than they previously had in order to ‘keep up with the times. As one tiny pebble when thrown into a pond causes consequent ripples to spread throughout the surface, the Victorian Age was like a pond where a great many pebbles were being thrown into. As a result, their way of thinking and apprehending the constantly developing world around them had to be open-minded in the sense that they had to be prepared for more surprises. They had to become receptive to things previously thought impossibl e or perhaps not even imagined at all which came to life- it was supposed to be a new Golden Age and indeed it was. However, the Victorian Age also had its dark side- the side of child labour, devastating unemployment, opium and prostitution. Nothing was certain anymore and with the modernism movement arising towards the end of the 19th century, people began to question many values and concepts that had before been unarguably taken for granted and accepted within society. With the rejection of established patterns of thought, a new consciousness arose where old traditions and customs were critically examined and people realised they had more freedom of thought than ever. How to cite Victorian Era Consciousness, Papers

Mughal vs. Ottoman free essay sample

The Mughal and the Ottoman Empires were two of the greatest and most powerful civilizations of the ancient period. Their fame and glory in the sixteenth century represented the zenith of art, architecture, and human creativity. These eminent empires were the largest and the most influential civilizations of the Muslim world, and their splendor reached as far as Europe. The two most important rulers of these empires were Akbar the Great and Suleiman the Magnificent, under whose reign the empire reached its triumphant moments.Just as the reign of Akbar and Suleiman marked the Golden age, their deaths resulted in the slow downfall of the empires. Both the Ottoman and Mughal empires were distinctive civilizations of their time due to the local culture forces and the Islamic culture that impacted them in the areas of art, government, and social structure. However, out of the two, the Mughal Empire was more successful than the Ottoman Empire, because of its consolidated rule, its hierarchy of power, and its tolerance for women. The Mughal and the Ottoman Empires were almost contemporary to each other. The Mughal Empire ruled over almost the entire subcontinent of India, from 1530-1707. The Mughals were descendants of Timuraids, who hailed from Central Asia. The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur, the grandson of Timur and Genghiz Khan. He was succeeded by Humayun, Akbar the great, Shah Jahan, and many other rulers. Far from the Mughal Empire in India was the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire ruled over the Middle East from 1453-1908.The Ottomans were nomadic Turks, who established a capital in the Balkan Peninsula. They even captured Constantinople. The Ottoman dynasty also had great rulers such as Suleiman the magnificent, and many others. The first aspect that helped the Mughal Empire to succeed was the idea of giving women more rights. In the Mughal Empire, women were able to fight in the wars, participate in business activities, voice their opinions, inherit land, and obtain salaries. The women were respected, educated and were often asked to give their opinions for important matters.For example, Nur Jahan was the virtual ruler during the reign of Jahangir. Unlike the Mughal Empire, the Ottomans educated only the boys. Women remained at home, and did household chores such as cleaning, sewing, weaving, praying, and taking care of the children. Non-Muslim girls were taken as slaves. As women were given more rights and privileges, the Mughals could take better decisions, establish a better family life, and govern the society more effectively than the Ottomans. The second aspect that helped the Mughal Empire to succeed was their system of government.The government structure of both the civilizations was a combination of Islamic and local cultures. Nevertheless Islam had a greater influence on the kings, who controlled the government and religion. Both the empires adopted the Quranic interpretations of the law as their system of justice. However, the major difference between the governments of these two empires was their division of power. The Mughal Empire was divided in provinces; each province ruled by a landlord, who collected taxes from the people.Unlike the Mughal Empire, the Ottoman Sultan exercised absolute control over the people. He regarded himself as the â€Å"Protector of the Sacred Places,† because he ruled over Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. As the Mughals divided their empire into various provinces, it created a formal division of powers, a hierarchy among offices, and a well-defined administrative system, compared to the Ottomans. The third aspect that helped the Mughal Empire to succeed was their consolidation of the empire.The Mughal Empire extended as far to the west of Afghanistan, and as far south as the Godavari river. It covered almost the entire Indian subcontinent. Like the Mughals, The Ottomans also ruled over a huge empire. It covered much of South east Europe, west Asia, and North Africa. As the Mughal Empire covered the subcontinent, it was easier to travel in case of an enemy attack, or provide supplies in case of a flood or famine. However unlike the Mughal Empire; the Ottoman Empire was separated by the Black, and Mediterranean seas.Compared to the Mughals, the Ottomans had difficulty in ruling the empire, and trouble travelling from one place to another in case of an attack, famine or flood, because it was separated by water. One aspect that was common to both the civilization was their flourishing trade, and their glorious art and architecture. The Mughal architecture was a combination of Islamic, Persian, and Hindu architecture. These Persian and Hindu architectural ideas were brought forth in the Taj Mahal, a monument of breathtaking wonder. In Ottoman society, these ideas were also present.Some of their famous monuments are Istanbul mosque, Muhammad mosque, and Suleymaniye mosque. Both the civilizations had a flourishing trade. The Mughal Empire was famous for its diamonds, jewels, spices, cotton, and silk all over the world. They traded these commodities with empires in Europe and Asia. Likewise, the Ottoman Empire was famous for its pottery, rugs, and jewelry. Due to its location, it was the center of all trades. It was often referred to as the â€Å"middle man† due to access to water routes between Asia and Europe.Both the Mughal and Ottoman empires were products of local and Islamic influence in the areas of military, government, arts, and architecture. But because of Mughal Empire’s consolidated rule, its hierarchy of power, and its tolerance for women, the Mughal Empire was more successful than the Ottoman Empire. Although these empires are non-existent today, their legacies have still survived. Their majestic monuments and praiseworthy paintings are still admired by millions of people every day. These empires proved their supremacy to the rest of the world, and advanced their conquests to areas unknown.

Physician Assisted Suicide Essays (2029 words) - Euthanasia

Physician Assisted Suicide Kirk Mueller Mr. Maclay 20th Century History 15 February 2001 Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide: Public Opinions Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide (PAS) have been more widely accepted in the last decade of the 1900's then any prior. In the United States, polls of citizens and medical professionals have shown an increase in support of PAS and euthanasia. Physician assisted suicide and euthanasia have been addressed by courts and state legislation. Even though most religious groups still condemn this choice, the right to die has gained support throughout the 1990's. The American Medical Association's definition of Euthanasia is the administration of a lethal agent by another person to a patient for the purpose of relieving the patient's intolerable pain and incurable suffering.# Euthanasia is a Greek word that means good death. This word was diminished in Nazi Germany. In 1939 the Nazi's were some of the first people to practice euthanasia. The Nazi's would put the mentally retarded, physically challenged and citizens that they thought were suffering, to death. They used euthanasia in their concentration camps and because of all of the mass murdering the United States opinion polls went down.# There are two types of Euthanasia, passive and active. Active euthanasia is considered by most people to be the doctor administering the drug. For instance doctors could prescribe a medication for the patient that would act like a depressant and slow the heart beat down. They could also have a lethal injection that the patient would inject into himself or herself. Passive euthanasia is thought of as withholding or with drawing treatment by request of a patient. For instance when a respirator is withdrawn by request, that is considered by most citizens to be passive euthanasia.# More then half of the requests for physician assisted suicide come from the family members.# During the latter part of the 20th century medical technology advanced in ways that allowed doctors to prolong the lives of people who in earlier times would have died. An example of the modern technology is Artificial Respirators and feeding tubes. Artificial respirators help people breath that wouldn't normally and feeding tubes give people who are unable to eat or swallow food and water.# The only state in the United States to legalize euthanasia and physician assisted suicide was Oregon. Oregon was able to pass The Death with Dignity Act. This act, which was passed in October of 1997, allowed terminally ill Oregon residents to receive a prescription from their physicians to self administer lethal medications.# These lethal medications would kill the person eventually and stop their suffering. Some of the doctors feel that by prescribing these drugs that they could be accused of murder.# The Oregon Health Division (OHD) observes the Death with Dignity Act annually. After the OHD takes down the stats of how many people who died and how many people were prescribed lethal drugs they make a public report. The OHD's first report stated that 23 people received lethal drugs and 15 of those patients took the drug and successfully died. The other eight didn't take the pill and of them six died from their illness and two were still living as of January 1, 1999. Of the 15 suicid es there were no problems.# The only problem found with the Death with Dignity Act was that there was no penalty for the doctor not reporting a prescription of a lethal drug. If just one doctor didn't report a prescription it would throw off the OHD's annual report.# Some citizens feel that another problem is that the physicians are only allowed to prescribe oral drugs and not lethal injections. Others feel that this is a good section of the Death with Dignity Act but some have problems that no physician is forced into assisting in suicide. Doctors can make the decision if they want to assist or not.# Washington and California tried to follow Oregon's example of the Death with Dignity Act but the only thing that stopped the act from passing was the majority vote by the citizens. California tried to pass the act for two years and after the first year the percent of the supporters went up by 5% but just not enough to pass the act. Washington's